Trump’s victory and Angola (quick analysis)
Donald Trump’s expectations and unpredictability
For any observer of Angolan politics, there seemed to be a certain domestic alignment in terms of sympathies for the American elections. Or to put it more explicitly, a hope on the part of the sectors antagonistic to João Lourenço that Donald Trump would win, in the expectation that he would repeat the policy of his first term of disinterest in Africa and therefore a cooling off towards Angola.
Now that victory has been won, it’s important to try to understand what may or may not happen, given that Angola’s new strategic alignment with the US is at stake, which has, in a way, balanced the balance of power on the African continent and also, specifically, relaunched the Lobito Corridor, a project that President Joe Biden has embraced intensely.
Obviously, before January 20, 2025, everything will be too speculative, and, above all, when it comes to Trump, unpredictability takes center stage.
Even so, there have been enough signs to suggest that Trump’s attitude towards Angola will not be so different from Joe Biden’s policy after all.
China’s competition and containment
The first reason for the policy’s permanence is China. From a geostrategic point of view, the current situation (2024) is extremely different from that of Trump’s first term (2017-2021), particularly with regard to competition or containment of China, which, it should be remembered, was initiated as a structural trend in US foreign policy, precisely by Donald Trump. Trump’s collection of speeches on China during his term “TRUMP ON CHINA – PUTTING AMERICA FIRST” is expressed in his introduction to the statement:
“For decades, Donald J. Trump was one of the few prominent Americans to recognize the true nature of the Chinese Communist Party and its threat to America’s economic and political way of life. Now, under President Trump’s leadership, the United States is taking action to protect our nation and its partners from an increasingly assertive China. We are no longer turning a blind eye to the People’s Republic of China’s conduct nor are we hiding our criticism of its Communist Party behind closed doors.”[1]
It is in this sense that some of Trump’s most prominent collaborators have spoken out. Tibor Nagy, Trump’s former Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs and former Ambassador to Guinea and Ethiopia, insists that Trump was the first to raise awareness about the enormous threat that China poses to US interests in Africa, and expressly states: “You will again see an aggressive fight against Chinese influence in Africa “.[2]
Admittedly, the focus of this transactional approach, typical of Trump, will be to start blocking supply chains for essential minerals in Africa used for green energy batteries used in electric vehicles and phones. Thus states Ambassador J. Peter Pham, former US Special Envoy for the Sahel region of Africa under Trump, “There is no denying that access to the many critical minerals that Africa has in great abundance is necessary for the US economy today, as well as for the technologies that will take us into the future,” and “Moreover, the monopolization of supply chains for these strategic resources by any country, let alone a revisionist power like China, is a threat to US security.”
This geostrategic sense of Africa in which Angola fits is reinforced by the so-called Project 2025, a kind of parallel doctrine of Trumpist ideologues, from which he has departed in some respects, but not in relation to Africa. Kiron K. Skinner writes in that document that Africa’s explosive population growth, large reserves of minerals dependent on industry, proximity to the main maritime transportation routes and its collective diplomatic power guarantee the continent’s global importance .[3]
The truth is that one area of the Biden-Harris approach that has not been criticized by Republicans is the Lobito Corridor, the multi-billion dollar logistics and communications infrastructure project that connects the Port of Lobito in Angola to essential mineral mines in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. American observers of Africa see the project as a model to be built or replicated, mainly with the aim of taking back some control of essential mineral supply chains from China .[4]
Therefore, what emerges from a first analysis of the pronouncements of Trump’s allies and their own interests and stance towards China, is that Angola and its Lobito Corridor occupy a prominent place, and therefore, if Trump’s attention to China is maintained, Africa and especially Angola will be at a higher level of US strategic options, i.e. US interest in Angola will be maintained.
Business opportunities
A second aspect is Trump’s emphasis on numbers and business opportunities. It is likely that this time, thinking about Africa and Angola, he will see figures reflecting the massive movement of young people to the continent and opportunities for American business. It’s no secret that João Lourenço, albeit with modest success, has been trying to open up Angola to world business, making the country an attractive location for foreign investment. It’s a long road. However, Trump may see a market for US exports here, as Biden has already seen in telecommunications and solar energy .[5]
Conclusions
With all the caution that Trump’s unpredictability advises, as well as his previous contempt for the African continent has shown, it should not be anticipated that there will be a cooling in the rapprochement between Angola and the United States after January 20, 2025.
In fact, what has been at stake on the US side is not any friendship or personal relationship between Joe Biden and João Lourenço, but the strategic American interest in counterbalancing China and guaranteeing access to key minerals, as well as the exploitation of profitable businesses for a mature economy like the US.
In these terms, the US will most likely maintain a clear interest in Africa and Angola, unlike what happened in Trump’s first term. What is at stake is a structural trend in US foreign policy, which will depend less on its actors and more on its interests.
[1] https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Trump-on-China-Putting-America-First.pdf
[2] https://www.semafor.com/article/11/01/2024/trumps-africa-plans-take-pragmatic-turn-for-election
[3] https://static.project2025.org/2025_MandateForLeadership_CHAPTER-06.pdf
[4] https://www.semafor.com/article/11/01/2024/trumps-africa-plans-take-pragmatic-turn-for-election
[5] https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/africasource/what-africa-can-expect-under-a-second-trump-administration-a-focus-on-the-numbers/
